FIND ON SOCIAL NETWORKS
Saturday, February 25, 2012
Wednesday, February 22, 2012
MINI PROJECTS-RAIN ALARM USING NE 555
RAIN ALARM USING
NE 555
ABSTRACT
Rain alarm circuit is very useful if the rainy
season, the function of a series of rain this alarm is to remind us in case of
rain. In the circuit diagram is
controlled by the IC 555, which functions for the NE555 provides 1 Khz tone
through the speaker if the sensor exposed to rain. Water sensor images can be
seen in the picture, place the sensor at an angle of 30-45 degrees from the
ground. Global Water’s Water Level Alarm Sensor (WA600) is water solid state
sensors for detecting the presence of conductive solutions, such as water
spills, water tank levels, and drainage ponds. Water alarm sensor has two
stainless steel electrodes in the position at the desired point for the
detection of liquid. When liquid is detected, a relay close to the surface water and
the alarm signal can be used to sound an alarm or closing a switch inside a piece of remote
monitoring equipment. Relay outputs fully isolated and can handle 2 amps of
current.
The most
common mode in which the IC 555 can be configured is in the form of a
monostable multivibrator. In this mode the IC remains continuously in an alert
standby position. Its pin #2 may be integrated with different sensors to make
the circuit detect the relevant parameters and activate an alarm or a
countermeasure device connected to its output for averting the sensed danger.
The activated alarm may be wired to latch up permanently or switched ON for a
fixed predetermined period set by the external timing components. In the
monostable mode, the circuit may be rigged into some useful alarm circuits.
The first
circuit described is of a rain sensor which will produce an audible tone the
moment it comes in contact with water. Thus it may be used to detect the
commencement of rain, so that one may bring the valuable assets like a vehicle
or clothes under cover before they are drenched in heavy showers.
After the alarm
sensor water level in dry conditions, the detection sensor will automatically
reset without the need for additional services. Alarm surface rough and require minimal
maintenance. The Water Level Alarm has many uses, including: surface water monitoring, detection
precision, control water levels, an indication of high water, and sea submarine
low-level indication. Water alarm sensors can be purchased to trigger an alarm
on contact with water or air.
RAIN ALARM USING
NE 555
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Tuesday, January 17, 2012
INCREASE YOUR INTERNET CONNECTION SPEED UPTO 200%
INCREASE YOUR INTERNET CONNECTION SPEED UPTO 200%
This article describes how to speed up your Internet connection without use of web accelerators, and is geared towards Windows and Internet Explorer.
This article describes how to speed up your Internet connection without use of web accelerators, and is geared towards Windows and Internet Explorer.
- Check to see if faster internet connections are in your area. Fiber optic and cable internet tend to be faster than DSL and Dial-Up.
- Do some basic maintenance on your PC. Run Disk Defrag, a scan disk, a virus scan, a malware scan, and clear your recycle bin. An unusually slow Internet connection experience is often the only sign that your computer is infected with viruses or other malware. Delete old files and temporary files. Never allow the free space on your C: drive to be less than 10% of the total size or twice the installed RAM (which ever is larger). A well maintained PC will operate much better than a PC that has never had any maintenance. Google or your local computer repair store should be able to help you with this if you don't know how or you can use any good system cleaner and PC optimizer tool for free such as [ Registry Cleaner and Wise Disk Cleaner] or purchase something.Reset Your Home Network. Sometimes restarting (or unplugging and replugging the electric power on) your home network or your router -- if you have one -- will drastically increase the speed of your connection.
- Check your home network equipment in general. If you have multiple computers sharing a connection, make sure all the computers are physically connected to a router or switch, and not just to a hub. Hubs are "dumb", low-level equipment, while routers are capable of prioritizing and directing traffic effectively.
- Optimize your cache or temporary Internet files. These files improve your Internet connection performance by not downloading the same file over and over. When a web site puts their logo graphic on every page your computer only downloads a new one when it changes.
- Caution: If you delete the temporary files (graphics and such), they must be downloaded again when you go to that site. If you disable the cache (loaded software, data), then it must be downloaded every time you view the page that uses it. This can be fixed by opening Internet Explorer, clicking on "Tools" at the top and choosing "Internet Options". On the General tab, click the "Settings" button next to Temporary Internet Files. Set a check mark for newer versions to handle downloading new versions "Automatically". Set the amount of disk space to use to 2% of your total harddisk size or 512 MB, which ever is smaller. On Firefox, click "Tools" then "Options," and go to the privacy tab. Then click on the Cache tab within this to set it to automatic.
- If you are using a Wireless router, make sure it doesn't conflict with a cordless phone or wireless camera. Wireless routers come in three varieties; 802.11 b, g, and n (2.4Ghz) or 802.11 a (5.8Ghz) If you are using a 2.4Ghz Cordless phone and 2.4Ghz Wireless router then your Internet connection speed will slow while you use the cordless phone. The same is true of wireless security cameras. Check on your phone and camera, if it's 900Mhz then it's fine. If it says 2.4Ghz or 5.8Ghz then it could be the cause of your slow connection speed while they're in use.
- Call your Internet service provider (ISP). Sometimes you just have bad service. They can usually tell if your connection is substandard without having a technician come to your home. Just be nice and ask.
- Upgrade your computer. If your computer is slow, it doesn't matter how fast your Internet connection is, the whole thing will just seem slow. You can only access the Internet as fast as your PC will allow you to.
- Upgrade your router/firewall equipment. Specifically, look into any speed specifications (many older routers are not capable of transmitting to/from the internet faster than 10 Mbps, even though the local ports transmit in 100 Mbps). Also, older routers may be underpowered, so that even though the theoretical speed is 10 Mbps, the processor on the router is too weak to reach maximum speed.
- Upgrade your router firmware. Check the manufacturer's web site for firmware downloads for your router. Compare this with your version, and upgrade if necessary. Most routers have web interfaces for managing this, check for any labels on your router specifying default address, username and password.
- Replace your old cable modem. Any solid-state electronics will degrade over time due to accumulated heat damage. Your broadband modem will have a harder and harder time 'concentrating' on maintaining a good connection as it gets older (signal to noise ratios will go down, and the number of resend requests for the same packet will go up). An after-market cable modem as opposed to a cable-company modem will frequently offer a better connection.
- Often your connection speed is slow because other programs are using it. To test if other programs, such as anti-virus and other updates, are accessing the Internet without your knowing, Click Start, Click Run. Type "cmd" (without quotes). Type "netstat -b 5 > activity.txt". After a minute or so, hold down Ctrl and press C. This has created a file with a list of all programs using your Internet connection. Type activity.txt to open the file and view the program list.
- Try pressing Ctrl-Alt-Delete simultaneously and open up the Task Manager. Go to the process menu and close those processes that may be stealing your valuable bandwidth. (NOTE: Closing processes with unknown filenames may cause known programs to not function properly). There is a column with the User Name, and if that is "System", you'd better leave it alone until you stop using the program that needs it. But if the User is your own login name, then it is not crucial to the operating system, but may be needed by other programs, however you may experiment. Often the system will not allow closing of -- or will reopen -- needed system programs.
- After you have tried some of this try your connection again and see if it's running any faster. If it is better you may need to close those extras each time you restart your system until you set the startup list to not open them anymore.
- Check to see somebody else is using the internet on your home network. If somebody is downloading a lot of media from the internet, such as watching video or downloading large files, the host computer is using a lot of bandwidth and the other computers are using the remaining bandwidth.
- If you are using satelite internet, your internet connection might be altered because of wind (vibrations) and electrical activity in/among clouds, heavy snow, or rain and lightning, static, or other electrical interference.
- Tips
- Call your ISP and have them verify all of your TCP/IP settings if you are concerned. Ask them to verify that your Proxy settings are correct.
- Don't expect dial up or moderate speed service to be fast. The Internet is primarily geared towards Broadband Connections, which is about 512kbs or higher Sometimes, you have to wait a little.
- Download programs that make browsing faster:
- Loband.org is a browser inside of a browser that loads web pages without the images.
- Firefox and Opera both have options to disable images.
- In Firefox, you can also use extensions such as NoScript that let you block scripts and plug-ins that would otherwise slow things down a lot.
- If you are using Internet Explorer or Firefox, try downloading Google Web Accelerator. It is meant to speed up broadband connections, but it can also slow your Internet connection. Try enabling it and disabling it and see when your Internet connection runs faster.
- If you are using Firefox, download the Fasterfox extension and Firetune.
- Reduce the amount of programs running that use your Internet connection (Instant Messengers, RSS Feeders, and MS Applications set to send Internet data)
- Google Accessible is designed to search pages in order of how clean they are of junk. This will bring up pages that are usually not only easy to read, but are quick to load.
- Upgrade your RAM by getting more and/or faster memory. This will not only improve your regular computer use, but it will affect the speed of your Internet connection because your computer works faster.
- Use the Stop button to stop loading pages once you've gotten or seen what you want.
- Some times malware on your computer can eat up your bandwidth. Make sure you have an up-to-date malware protection program.
- Most Internet Providers have flaky DNS servers (no citation necessary, it's a given) - so, instead of using those provided by your ISP, switch your DNS servers to use those of OpenDNS. OpenDNS is far faster, and more reliable, simply using 208.67.222.222 and 208.67.220.220 as your domain name servers will speed up most flaky DNS problems (may even speed up your networking since OpenDNS has large caches).
- Look into running your own local DNS server on your network. Some newer routers may include their own nameserver, otherwise, check into AnalogX.com's FastCache program, it works great to hold commonly accessed domain names in the "cache" so that the IP addresses do not have to be looked up everytime you navigate to a new page.
- Keep current, updated anti-spyware, anti-virus and firewall programs, but you can have too many toolbars trying to verify and block the same sites. This may interfere with each other, creating conflicts. Use trusted download sites such as Freeware.com, Majorgeeks.com, ZDNet.com, and Adobe.com, Mozilla.com, Real.com and such which do a scan/check for problems in programs before posting them. Use the well-known sites for utility, shareware and freeware, then the programs are very likely to be safe, free programs.
- Avoid offbrand, lesser known, free-/share-ware software download-sites which "might be good", but should be checked, as best you can, as unknown ones might contain "unwanted or bad add-ons" such as viruses that may damage computers and disrupt software:
- Advertising-ware (adware),
- Spyware-trackers (often just report clicks on ads to get paid, or popup their own ads for selling something), or
- Contain untrusted tracking-cookies,
- Backdoor/trojan (hidden) programs, that could steal account info, identity.
- Ads by Google
- TB Bandwidth Initiative Rambus innovation advances differential signaling to 20Gbps
- www.rambus.com/tbi
- Tulip Telecom MPLS India's largest MPLS-VPN provider. Available across 2000+ locations.
- www.tulip.net
- EditWarnings
- Viruses and malware can often use up your bandwidth and slow down your Internet connection. Make sure you have protection against this. Many ISP's will provide software for this. Make sure your anti-virus and malware scanners are up-to-date.
- Bypassing the router will leave you more vulnerable to attacks because you no longer have the built-in firewall from your router protecting you.
- Watch out for scams that may popup or be found on websites that claim to check your computer or Internet to tell you how much faster it could go, for free. They are often only a scanner to report "problems", but will usually not fix them until you (pay to) register the software or get the pro-version for their promised "remedy".
- Only download from the well-known free-/share-ware sites, then you may avoid programs that might do harm on your computer and/or other computers on your local network.
Monday, January 16, 2012
DOWNLOAD WINDOWS 8 DEVOLOPER EDITION 64-BIT
DOWNLOAD WINDOWS 8 DEVOLOPER EDITION 64-BIT
Windows 8 is the codename for the next version of the Microsoft Windows computer operating system following Windows 7.[3] It has many changes from previous versions. In particular it adds support for ARM microprocessors in addition to the previously supported x86 microprocessors from Intel and AMD. A new Start Screen interface has been added that was designed for touchscreen input in addition to mouse, keyboard, and pen input. Its server version is codenamed Windows Server 8.
Milestone leaks
A 32-bit Milestone 1 build, build 7850, with a build date of September 22, 2010, was leaked to BetaArchive, an online beta community, which was soon leaked to P2P/torrent sharing networks on April 12, 2011.[6] Milestone 1 includes a ribbon interface for Windows Explorer,[7] a PDF reader called Modern Reader, an updated task manager called Modern Task Manager,[8] and native ISO image mounting.[9]
A 32-bit Milestone 2 build, build 7927, was leaked to The Pirate Bay on August 29, 2011[10] right after many pictures leaked on BetaArchive the day before.[11] Features of this build are mostly the same as build 7955.[12]
A 32-bit Milestone 2 build, build 7955, was leaked to BetaArchive on April 25, 2011.[13] Features of this build included a new pattern login and a new file system known as Protogon.[14]
A Milestone 3 build, build 7971, was released to close partners of Microsoft on March 29, 2011[15] but was kept under heavy security. However, a few screenshots were leaked. The "Windows 7 Basic" theme now uses similar metrics to the Aero style, but maintains its non-hardware accelerated design, and also supports taskbar thumbnails. The boxes that encase the "close, maximize, and minimize" buttons have been removed, leaving just the signs.[16]
A 64-bit Milestone 3 build, build 7989, leaked to BetaArchive on June 18, 2011 after screenshots were revealed the previous day. An SMS feature, a new virtual keyboard, a new bootscreen, transparency in the basic theme, geo-location services, Hyper-V 3.0, and PowerShell 3.0 were revealed in this build.[17]
Hardware requirements
Microsoft says that the developer preview works well on hardware suitable for Windows Vista or 7.[47]
Minimum hardware requirements for Windows Developer Preview
Architecture IA-32 (32-bit) x86-64 (64-bit)
Processor 1 GHz
Memory (RAM) 1 GB 2 GB
Graphics Card DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver
HDD free space 16 GB 20 GB
A multi-touch screen is required to use touch input. For Metro applications, a screen resolution of 1024x768 or higher is required.
[edit]Secure Boot
Microsoft will require some new PCs to have the UEFI secure boot feature enabled by default to be given Windows 8 certification. There has been some concern that it could lead to machines that do not support alternative operating systems.[48][49][50] Microsoft has addressed the issue in a blog post,[51][52] stating that the manufacturer is free to choose which signatures are accepted by the feature and that the manufacturer is also free to offer the ability to turn off the secure boot feature.[53]
However, in January 2012, Microsoft announced it insists that manufacturers must offer such an option on x86 hardware but must not offer it on ARM hardware.[54][55][56]
On Page 116 of Microsoft's official guidelines to manufacturers is a paragraph detailing how and when supporting the enable/disable of Secure Boot should be permitted: -
MANDATORY: Enable/Disable Secure Boot.
On non-ARM systems, it is required to implement the ability to disable Secure Boot via firmware setup. A physically present user must be allowed to disable Secure Boot via firmware setup without possession of Pkpriv. Programmatic disabling of Secure Boot either during Boot Services or after exiting EFI Boot Services MUST NOT be possible.
Disabling Secure MUST NOT be possible on ARM systems.
This has caused an outrage among the Linux community as new ARM systems with Secure Boot prevents any OS eing installed on them, especially Linux, the 3rd most popular platform.
[edit]Compatibility
Windows 8 for x86 processors will run most software compatible with previous x86 versions of Windows, with the usual restrictions: 64-bit Windows will run also 32-bit software but not 16-bit ones; 32-bit Windows will optionally run 16-bit software if installed to do so, but will not run 64-bit software. Either 32- or 64-bit Windows can be installed on x86-64 processors. Some expertise in manipulating compatibility settings may be required to run, for example, 16-bit software for Windows 3.x under 32-bit Windows 8, in cases where it is possible. In particular, applications compatible with 32- and 64-bit Windows 7 will run in the same way on Windows 8.[57]
Windows 8 for ARM processors will not run software created for x86; software will have to be ported by its developers to create ARM executables from source code.[58][59]
Windows 8 Developer Preview is incompatible with some virtualization platforms, such as Virtual PC. A blog post by Microsoft notes that the setup process is error-prone when installing in a virtual machine, and installing without hardware virtualization support can be particularly problematic.[60] It is reported to work under VMware Workstation, VMware Player, VirtualBox, and Parallels Desktop for Mac — detailed instructions for installing in these environments have been published.[61][62]
Developers can write apps for Windows 8 in JavaScript and HTML, Visual Basic, C++, and C#.
Windows 8 is the codename for the next version of the Microsoft Windows computer operating system following Windows 7.[3] It has many changes from previous versions. In particular it adds support for ARM microprocessors in addition to the previously supported x86 microprocessors from Intel and AMD. A new Start Screen interface has been added that was designed for touchscreen input in addition to mouse, keyboard, and pen input. Its server version is codenamed Windows Server 8.
Milestone leaks
A 32-bit Milestone 1 build, build 7850, with a build date of September 22, 2010, was leaked to BetaArchive, an online beta community, which was soon leaked to P2P/torrent sharing networks on April 12, 2011.[6] Milestone 1 includes a ribbon interface for Windows Explorer,[7] a PDF reader called Modern Reader, an updated task manager called Modern Task Manager,[8] and native ISO image mounting.[9]
A 32-bit Milestone 2 build, build 7927, was leaked to The Pirate Bay on August 29, 2011[10] right after many pictures leaked on BetaArchive the day before.[11] Features of this build are mostly the same as build 7955.[12]
A 32-bit Milestone 2 build, build 7955, was leaked to BetaArchive on April 25, 2011.[13] Features of this build included a new pattern login and a new file system known as Protogon.[14]
A Milestone 3 build, build 7971, was released to close partners of Microsoft on March 29, 2011[15] but was kept under heavy security. However, a few screenshots were leaked. The "Windows 7 Basic" theme now uses similar metrics to the Aero style, but maintains its non-hardware accelerated design, and also supports taskbar thumbnails. The boxes that encase the "close, maximize, and minimize" buttons have been removed, leaving just the signs.[16]
A 64-bit Milestone 3 build, build 7989, leaked to BetaArchive on June 18, 2011 after screenshots were revealed the previous day. An SMS feature, a new virtual keyboard, a new bootscreen, transparency in the basic theme, geo-location services, Hyper-V 3.0, and PowerShell 3.0 were revealed in this build.[17]
Hardware requirements
Microsoft says that the developer preview works well on hardware suitable for Windows Vista or 7.[47]
Minimum hardware requirements for Windows Developer Preview
Architecture IA-32 (32-bit) x86-64 (64-bit)
Processor 1 GHz
Memory (RAM) 1 GB 2 GB
Graphics Card DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver
HDD free space 16 GB 20 GB
A multi-touch screen is required to use touch input. For Metro applications, a screen resolution of 1024x768 or higher is required.
[edit]Secure Boot
Microsoft will require some new PCs to have the UEFI secure boot feature enabled by default to be given Windows 8 certification. There has been some concern that it could lead to machines that do not support alternative operating systems.[48][49][50] Microsoft has addressed the issue in a blog post,[51][52] stating that the manufacturer is free to choose which signatures are accepted by the feature and that the manufacturer is also free to offer the ability to turn off the secure boot feature.[53]
However, in January 2012, Microsoft announced it insists that manufacturers must offer such an option on x86 hardware but must not offer it on ARM hardware.[54][55][56]
On Page 116 of Microsoft's official guidelines to manufacturers is a paragraph detailing how and when supporting the enable/disable of Secure Boot should be permitted: -
MANDATORY: Enable/Disable Secure Boot.
On non-ARM systems, it is required to implement the ability to disable Secure Boot via firmware setup. A physically present user must be allowed to disable Secure Boot via firmware setup without possession of Pkpriv. Programmatic disabling of Secure Boot either during Boot Services or after exiting EFI Boot Services MUST NOT be possible.
Disabling Secure MUST NOT be possible on ARM systems.
This has caused an outrage among the Linux community as new ARM systems with Secure Boot prevents any OS eing installed on them, especially Linux, the 3rd most popular platform.
[edit]Compatibility
Windows 8 for x86 processors will run most software compatible with previous x86 versions of Windows, with the usual restrictions: 64-bit Windows will run also 32-bit software but not 16-bit ones; 32-bit Windows will optionally run 16-bit software if installed to do so, but will not run 64-bit software. Either 32- or 64-bit Windows can be installed on x86-64 processors. Some expertise in manipulating compatibility settings may be required to run, for example, 16-bit software for Windows 3.x under 32-bit Windows 8, in cases where it is possible. In particular, applications compatible with 32- and 64-bit Windows 7 will run in the same way on Windows 8.[57]
Windows 8 for ARM processors will not run software created for x86; software will have to be ported by its developers to create ARM executables from source code.[58][59]
Windows 8 Developer Preview is incompatible with some virtualization platforms, such as Virtual PC. A blog post by Microsoft notes that the setup process is error-prone when installing in a virtual machine, and installing without hardware virtualization support can be particularly problematic.[60] It is reported to work under VMware Workstation, VMware Player, VirtualBox, and Parallels Desktop for Mac — detailed instructions for installing in these environments have been published.[61][62]
Developers can write apps for Windows 8 in JavaScript and HTML, Visual Basic, C++, and C#.
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